Gratitude Statements and Grammar Lessons

gratitude statements

In my second LIVE Wednesday Writing Workshop (streamed on Facebook and Instagram), I responded to viewer requests to discuss semicolons and dashes. But I delivered that grammar lesson via a session on gratitude. We wrote gratitude statements as a way to practice using semicolons and appositives.

This second live writing workshopped build off the first in which we wrote affirmations as a way to practice writing grammatically correct sentences.

These workshops were also both based on activities in the Kaleidoscope workbook, which was originally created for elementary school children, but I adapted it just fine for the adults of varying ages who tuned in and participated in these live writing workshop sessions.

It has been a deeply rooted philosophy of mine since I started teaching high school English courses that we can more readily build self-esteem and improve literacy if we combine those two initiatives into the same experience. This is one of the things I believe in most and that is a central pillar of my pedagogy even today as a university professor.

Gratitude Statements During a Pandemic?

This session was especially important because it was early in the COVID-19 quarantine, stay at home, social distancing orders. We had to really be more proactive than normal about focusing on what we’re grateful for.

Within all of the positivity, spiritual, self-help content I constantly immerse myself in, I learned that it is often when we are the least motivated to think positively, that positive thinking makes the biggest difference in our mood, behavior, and life!

So during this time when it was so easy to get bogged down with fear and negative thinking and grief, this workshop was much needed.

Homework: If you haven’t already, start a Gratitude Journal! You can fill it with infinite phrases that begin with:

  • I am grateful for ___.
  • I am grateful that ___.
  • I am grateful to ___.
  • I am thankful for ___.

Affirmation: You are worthy of good things.

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Ultimate List of Movies & Films about Colorism

ultimate list of films and moveis about colorism

Many of Colorism Healing’s readers are movie fans, and several have even been looking for movies and films about colorism in particular. While the documentary Dark Girls is widely known among those interested in colorism, there are other notable movies and films that address this issue. However, after searching around online, I realized it wasn’t exactly the easiest task to locate all of them. There weren’t any sites with a basic list of colorism films that readers could browse. So I created this for you.

If you’re looking for a speaker or facilitator for your next colorism event, learn about Dr. Sarah Webb’s colorism keynotes and workshops.

dr. sarah webb speaking at a podium holding a microphone with one arm extended during during her keynote speech for women's history month at the university of the pacific 2023. she's wearing a black turtleneck, multicolored skirt, and bold jewelry

Movies, Films, and Documentaries about Colorism

A Question of Color (1993)

Said to be the first documentary to address colorism, this film focuses specifically on African Americans. It traces the roots of colorism back to American slavery, examines gender differences, features news media and rap music, and touches on a range of issues including beauty, employment, marriage, and friendship.

  • Genre: Documentary (56 minutes)
  • Producer/Director: Kathe Sandler
  • Executive Producer: St. Clair Bourne
  • Co-Writer: Luke Harris
  • Region: United States

A Darker Side of Fair (2004)

This film addresses global diversity by focusing on a “fairness fetish” within modern Indian society. Viewers will see the origins of the fair-skinned ideal in ancient Indian culture, modern forces that perpetuate the “business” of fair skin, growing trends related to gender, and various cultural spheres affected by this issue such as marriage and entertainment.

  • Genre: Short Documentary (25 minutes)
  • Producer/Director: Leslie Deepak
  • Region: India

A Girl Like Me (2005)

Growing out of a high school English literature project, this film features interviews with a number of teenage girls and a reproduction of the infamous “doll test.” The film presents various voices on a range of issues related to colorism, including hair, history, beauty, personal growth, style and fashion, and self-love.

  • Genre: Short Documentary (13 minutes)
  • Producer/Director: Kiri Davis
  • Region: United States

ABC News 20/20 Colorism (2005)

This news segment features an experiment to determine if participants would rank people’s intelligence according to how dark or light the person appeared in a photograph. It also includes interviews from a number of actors who’ve experienced type-casting based on being dark-skinned or light-skinned.

  • Genre: News Segment (13 minutes)
  • Producer: ABC News
  • Region: United States

Skin (2008)

Based on a true story, this drama and romance follows the life of a colored woman born to white South African parents. The movie depicts her fight to cope with other people’s reactions to her appearance as well as her struggle to choose between life with her family or the man she loves.

  • Genre: Drama, Romance (107 minutes)
  • Director: Anthony Fabian
  • Writers: Helen Crawly, Jessie Keyt
  • Stars: Sophie Okonedo, Sam Neill, Alice Krige
  • Region: South Africa

The Skin Quilt Project (2010)

This film explores the issue colorism among African Americans through the voices of a community of quilters. Their stories speak of the significance of the quilting tradition in connecting community and remembering heritage.

  • Genre: Documentary (88 minutes)
  • Producer/Director: Lauren Cross

Shadeism (2010)

This film focuses on the issue of skin color bias among women in the African, Caribbean, and South Asian diasporas. Taking a look at historical origins and contemporary effects with an eye toward change, this film is a good introduction to colorism as a global issue.

  • Genre: Short Documentary (20 minutes)
  • Director/Executive Producer: Nayani Thiyagarajah
  • Producers: Kate Fraser, Camaro West, Kikhil D’Souza, Vanessa Rodrigues, Muna Ali, Jill Andrew, Rakhi Mutta, Amrit Singh, Khadra Ali
  • Animator: Jazzmen Lee-Johnson
  • Region: Canada

“Good Hair” and other Dubious Distinctions (2011)

Debose enters the colorism conversation through the all too common notion of “good hair.” Framed with the thoughts of a pregnant mother, the documentary weaves in various perspectives on black hair politics and what it means in the scheme of colorism.

  • Genre: Short Documentary (34 minutes)
  • Director/Writer/Producer: C. S. DeBose

Dark Girls (2011)

A documentary exploring colorism, it’s origins and contemporary manifestations, with a specific focus on how it impacts many dark-skinned girls and women.

  • Genre: Documentary (71 minutes)
  • Producers/Directors: Bill Duke, D. Channsin Berry
  • Region: United States
Bill Duke, producer, director, actor, and Dr. Sarah L. Webb, colorism speaker. Bill Duke is one of the producers of Dark Girls the popular documentary film  about colorism

Negro: A Docu-series about Latino Identity (2012)

Negro explores the “color complex” (colorism) among Latinos through a number of interviews. Discussions include a range of relevant concerns including history, colonization, racism, diaspora, and personal identity. The film tries to convey the fact that Latinos are diverse, and the series takes viewers to various locations in Latin America and the Caribbean.

  • Genre: Documentary Series
  • Producer/Director: Dash Harris
  • Region: United States, Latin America

Fair? (2012)

This film explores modern India’s obsession with fair skin through several interviews with actors, beauticians, children, housewives, and more. The purpose of the film is to uncover the meaning of fair skin and the kinds of social capital it affords in India today.

  • Genre: Short Documentary (22 minutes)
  • Director: Vishnupriya (Dia) Das
  • Region: India

Yellow Fever (2012)

Yellow Fever is an international, award-winning film by Ng’endo Mukii. This short film is a mixed media work of art. It’s unique in that it zooms in (sometimes literally) on the unsettling emotional and psychological experience of internalized white supremacy.

  • Genre: Short Film (7 minutes)
  • Producer/Director: Ng’endo Mukii
  • Region: Kenya

Imagine a Future (2013)

This film, which debuted on BET, chronicles one dark-skinned girl’s journey from hurt to healing. Along with Janet’s story, viewers get to see and hear various black women, including some celebrities, discuss the issues of beauty and self-love as it pertains to black women. The film includes segments on Black Girls Rock and an ancestral and personal discovery in South Africa.

  • Genre: Documentary
  • Producer/Director: Lisa Cortés
  • Director: Shola Lynch
  • Region: United States

Shadeism: Digging Deeper (2015) See #7 above.

Skinned (2015)

This movie depicts the journey of a woman who once severely bleached her skin in order to attract a guy. A decade later, her life is completely changed, but the past still haunts her physically and emotionally. With the help of a psychiatrist, she embarks on her personal journey toward healing.

  • Genre: Drama, Romance (88 minutes)
  • Directors: LisaRaye McCoy, Avery O. Williams
  • Writers: Clarice Kulah, Sharon Tomlinson, Avery O. Williams, Lotten Yeaney
  • Stars: LisaRaye McCoy, Jasmine Burke, Brad James
  • Region: United States

Charcoal (2017)

The parallel stories of two black women faced with the social message that their darker complexion makes them less worthy of love, acceptance and respect.

  • Genre: Short Film (5 minutes)
  • Director: Francesca Andre
  • Writer: Francesca Andre
  • Stars: Lorry Francois, Chengusoyane Kargbo, Heather Smith

No Shade (2018)

Jade, a successful freelance photographer is hopelessly in love with her best friend of 10 years, bar manager Danny. She discovers through several challenging encounters both personally and professionally that the one thing keeping them from happy ever after is her inherent beauty – her complexion and skin tone. Her shade.

  • Genre: Drama, Romance (104 minutes)
  • Director: Clare Anyiam-Osigwe
  • Writer: Clare Anyiam-Osigwe
  • Stars: Zephryn Taitte, Adesuwa Oni, Shone Romulus

Skin (2019)

Skin is a documentary about exploring through the meaning of beauty in all the different shades of black. Set in Lagos, Nollywood actress Beverly Naya goes on a journey to learn about contrasting perceptions of beauty by meeting individuals who have dealt with the pressure to conform to certain standards of beauty and how colorism continues to shape the face of the entertainment industry in Africa

  • Genre: Documentary (76 minutes)
  • Director: Daniel Effiong
  • Writer: Beverly Naya
  • Region: Nigeria

Sunflower (2023)

Sunflower tells the story of high school student Amari Stevens, who struggles to embrace her dark brown skin color in a society where fair and light-skinned women are considered the standard of beauty. When Amari is rejected by her crush Cameron Jones for her lighter-skinned friend Kiara Williams, she turns to skin bleach cream in an attempt to change her outer appearance.”

  • Genre: Short Film
  • Director: Elizabeth Tawose

Colorism Definitions

defining colorism in brown cursive font on pale peach background with 3 d streaks in shades of brown from dark to light. definitions of colorism. colorism defined.
Colorism definitions vary. People have defined colorism in different ways over the past few decades depending on time, place, and purpose. Here’s a sampling of definitions compiled from books, articles, and websites since the early 1980s. Which definitions seem more useful?

Watch Dr. Sarah Webb Define Colorism LIVE or scroll to keep reading:

•• “Colorism is the social marginalization and systemic oppression of people with darker skin tones and the privileging of people with lighter skin tones.” —Sarah L. Webb, ColorismHealing.com, 2021, United States

If you’re looking for a speaker or facilitator for your next colorism event, learn about Dr. Sarah Webb’s colorism keynotes and workshops.

doctor sarah l webb public speaker holding mic while seated on a stool and smiling. she's wearing her black and brave and brilliant and beautiful t shirt
•• “Colorism—in my definition, prejudicial or preferential treatment of same-race people based solely on their color” —Alice Walker, In Search of our Mothers’ Gardens, 1983, United States •• “For this discussion I’ll use the word colorism to mean an attitude, a predisposition to act in a certain manner because of a person’s skin color.” —Edward W. Jones, “Black Managers: The Dream Deferred” in Harvard Business Review, 1986, United States •• “Colorism is a worldwide phenomenon and is a case of trickle-down racism… As long as there’s White racism, there will be racism within the Black community and favoritism for lightness.” —Midge Wilson as quoted by Karen G. Bates in “The Color Thing” in Essence, 1994, United States •• “Colorism is a form of intragroup stratification generally associated with Black people in the United States but present among all peoples of color. Colorism subjectively ranks individuals according to the perceived color tones of their skin.” Shirlee Taylor, “Colorism” in Reader’s Companion to U.S. Women’s History, 1998, United States •• “the prejudice and discrimination that is directed against African Americans with darker skin and, conversely, the benefits that are granted to African Americans with lighter skin” Irene Blair et al, “The role of Afrocentric features in person perception: Judging by features and categories,” 2002, United States •• “Skin tone bias is the tendency to perceive or behave toward members of a racial category based on the lightness or darkness of their skin tone. … this phenomenon also has been referred to as ‘colorism’”—Keith B. Maddox and Stephanie A. Gray, “Cognitive Representations of Black Americans: Re-exploring the Role of Skin Tone” in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2002, United States •• “‘Colorism’ is the discriminatory treatment of individuals falling within the same ‘racial’ group on the basis of skin color. It operates both intraracially and interracially. Intraracial colorism occurs when members of a racial group make distinctions based upon skin color between members of their own race. Interracial colorism occurs when members of one racial group make distinctions based upon skin color between members of another racial group.” —Cedric Herring, Verna M. Keith, and Hayward Derrick Horton, Skin Deep: How Race and Complexion Matter in the “Color-Blind” Era, 2003, United States •• “[C]olorism describes the tendency to perceive or behave negatively towards members of a racial category based on the lightness or darkness of their skin tone.” —Cynthia E. Nance, “Colorable Claims: The Continuing Significance of Color Under Title VII Forty Years After Its Passage” in Berkeley Journal of Employment & Labor Law, 2005, United States •• “Colourism, shadism, skin tone bias, pigmentocracy and the colour complex, are just a few of the terms used to describe the system of privilege and discrimination based on the degree of lightness in the colour of a person’s skin. But whatever label is used, it remains a pernicious, internalized form of racism which involves prejudice, stereotyping and perceptions of beauty among members of the same racial group, whereby light skin is more highly valued than dark skin.” —Deborah Gabriel, Layers of Blackness: Colourism in the African Diaspora, 2007, United Kingdom •• “Color preference is a cousin of racial prejudice, and like prejudice it is closely linked with the urge to obtain and maintain power over others. Colorism differs from prejudice mainly by making distinctions within a nominal racial group instead of across groups. That is, for whatever reason, light-skinned – and sometimes dark-skinned – people attribute higher status and grant more power and wealth to one group, typically those designated as white, and believe that that is the right thing to do. Then for the same reasons, people attribute higher status and grant more power and wealth to people of one complexion, typically light skin, within the groups designated as non-white.” —Jennifer L. Hochschild, “The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order” in Social Forces, 2007, United States •• “Colorism, or skin color stratification, is a process that privileges light-skinned people of color over dark in areas such as income, education, housing, and the marriage market.” —Margaret Hunter, “The The Persistent Problem of Colorism: Skin Tone, Status, and Inequality,” in Sociology Compass, 2007, United States •• “Colorism is the allocation of privilege and disadvantage according to the lightness or darkness of one’s skin” —Meghan Burke, “Colorism” in International encyclopedia of the social sciences, 2008 •• “Others argue that in the new millennium traditional racism is indeed disappearing, but only to be slowly supplanted by colorism, in which the color of a person’s skin will take on more importance in determining how she is treated by others than her ancestry. … Colorism involves discrimination against persons based on their physiognomy, regardless of their perceived racial identity. The hierarchy employed in colorism, however, is usually the same one that governs racism: light skin is prized over dark skin, and European facial features and body shapes are prized over African features and body shapes.” —Angela P. Harris, “From Color Line to Color Chart?: Racism and Colorism in the New Century” in Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy, 2008, United States •• “Colorism [is] the privileging of light skin over dark skin…” —Evelyn Glenn, 2009, United States •• “Today, the term [‘colorism’] is widely used to refer to the prejudices and discriminatory practices surrounding skin-color differences that occur not only Among African Americans, but also among other populations of color such as Latinos and Asians, both in [the United States] and around the world.” —Kathy Russell-Cole, Midge Wilson, Ronald E. Hall, The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color in a New Millennium, 2013, United States •• “Colorism is prejudiced attitudes or prejudiced treatment of people based on the relative lightness or darkness of their skin in comparison to others of the same race. Although this phenomenon is called colorism, it’s also frequently based on other features such as hair, eyes, nose, lips, and other phenotypic characteristics. There are two sides to colorism. It may occur as unjustly negative or unjustly positive reactions to groups of people based on their skin color and other racialized features. People affected by colorism may also develop a dislike, or even hatred, for their own skin and features.” —Sarah L. Webb, ColorismHealing.org, 2013, United States •• Colorism is “a form of oppression that is expressed through the differential treatment of individuals and groups based on skin color.” Jackson-Lowman, 2013, as quoted by The Association of Black Psychologists •• “Prejudice or discrimination against individuals with a dark skin tone, typically among people of the same ethnic or racial group” —OxfordDictionaries.com

Why so many definitions?

Having multiple definitions that span a couple of decades shows the various ways people defined, understood, and used the term “colorism” over time. We can see how definitions and explanations of colorism evolved and how they remained consistent. When having discussions about colorism, it’s important to make sure all participants clearly define how they are using the term “colorism” in the discussion. To facilitate mutual understanding throughout a dialogue on colorism, participants should clearly define the term (at least for the purposes of that specific conversation) at the very beginning and also periodically as the discussion advances. Which definition seems most accurate to you? Would you compose a different definition? Also: Take your colorism discussions to the next level with these 100+ specific questions on colorism.

100+ Colorism Questions: Take Discussion to the Next Level

question marks in a black conversation bubble. 100 plus colorism questions take discussion to the next level written by dr. sarah l webb public speaker life coach founder of colorism healing

Wondering how to start a discussion about colorism? Looking to conduct interviews on this topic? Tired of the same old questions and conversations about “light skin vs. dark skin”? Wishing the colorism conversation would actually get somewhere? I feel you! So I’ve compiled a list of 100 colorism questions that address the above concerns. These questions will help you start, continue, broaden, deepen, and advance discussions about colorism.

If you’re looking for a speaker or facilitator for your next colorism event, learn about Dr. Sarah Webb’s colorism keynotes and workshops.

dr. sarah webb speaking at a podium holding a microphone with one arm extended during during her keynote speech for women's history month at the university of the pacific 2023. she's wearing a black turtleneck, multicolored skirt, and bold jewelry

General Colorism Questions:

  1. Who coined the term “colorism”?
  2. Who benefits from colorism?
  3. What is colorism?
  4. What is the history of colorism?
  5. What is the history of colorism in [specific location]?
  6. What’s the difference between racism and colorism?
  7. What’s the difference between intraracial colorism and interracial colorism?
  8. What are some examples of colorism?
  9. What are some examples of colorism in [specific location]?
  10. What are some common myths about colorism?
  11. When was the term “colorism” coined?
  12. When was colorism first acknowledged?
  13. When was colorism first studied?
  14. Where does colorism exist?
  15. Where does colorism come from?
  16. Why does colorism exist?
  17. Why does colorism exist in [specific location]?
  18. Why do some people not want to talk about colorism?
  19. Why do some people have negative attitudes about dark skin?
  20. Why do some people have negative attitudes about light skin?
  21. Why is colorism important?
  22. How do you define colorism?
  23. How do other physical characteristics besides skin color play a role in colorism?
  24. How much research has been done on colorism?
  25. How might colorism be different in more racially diverse places versus more racially homogenous places?
  26. How do people benefit from colorism?
  27. How do white people view or understand colorism?
  28. How do people view or understand colorism within their own race?
  29. How do people view or understand colorism within other races?
  30. How does colorism affect people around the world?
  31. How does colorism affect people in [specific location]?
  32. Is colorism just about skin color?
  33. Is colorism more prevalent in some places than others?
  34. Is there such a thing as light skin privilege?
  35. Is there such a thing as dark skin privilege?
cropped phone screen with multiple social icons colorism in media technology social media

Questions about Colorism and Media:

  1. What role does traditional media play in perpetuating colorism?
  2. What role does social media play in perpetuating colorism?
  3. What are some examples of colorism in traditional media?
  4. What are some examples of colorism in social media?
  5. What role does colorism play in the entertainment industry?
  6. What role does colorism play in the sports industry?
  7. What role does colorism play in the beauty and fashion industries?
  8. How can we use traditional media to help end colorism?
  9. How can we use social media to help end colorism?
  10. How does colorism manifest in predominantly white media?
  11. How does colorism manifest in media predominated by people of color?

Questions about Colorism and Economics, Education, Law, Politics, Religion, & Society:

  1. What role does colorism play in education and schooling?
  2. What role does colorism play in religion or churches?
  3. What role does colorism play in politics?
  4. What role does colorism play in the judicial system?
  5. How does colorism affect employment and career opportunities?
  6. How does colorism impact socioeconomic status, income and wealth?
  7. How do class, wealth, and socioeconomic status impact colorism?
  8. How does colorism impact immigration policies?
  9. How does colorism impact immigration experiences?
  10. How can education and schooling counteract colorism?
  11. How can religion and churches counteract colorism?
  12. How can colorism be counteracted in the political arena?
  13. How can colorism be counteracted in the judicial system?
  14. How can employers prevent or counteract colorism in the workplace?
Corporate Colorism questions in the workplace Dr. Sarah L Webb smiling at the camera don't get sued legal consequences EEOC of colorism image of gavel laying on top of a stack of hundred dollar bills

Click to learn more about the legal consequences of colorism in the workplace.

Questions about Colorism and Family, Friendship, Marriage, & Dating:

  1. What role does colorism play in dating and marriage?
  2. What’s the difference between colorism and preference?
  3. How does colorism influence or impact friendships?
  4. How can we develop and sustain friendships across the color spectrum?
  5. How does colorism affect families?
  6. How do parents perpetuate colorism?
  7. How can parents counteract colorism?
  8. How are children affected by colorism?
  9. How can children counteract colorism?
  10. How does age affect experiences with colorism?
  11. How does extended family perpetuate colorism?
  12. How can extended family counteract colorism?
  13. How can we teach children/how can children learn about colorism?
  14. How can we help break the generational cycle of colorism?
sarah webb break the cycle of colorism in families questions about colorism

Click to learn more about colorism in families and colorism in relationships.

Questions about Colorism and Gender:

  1. How does gender intersect with colorism?
  2. How does colorism affect dark skinned women?
  3. How does colorism affect dark skinned men?
  4. How does colorism affect light/fair skinned women?
  5. How does colorism affect light/fair skinned men?
  6. How does sexuality intersect with colorism?
  7. How do boys and girls experience colorism differently?
  8. How do men and women experience colorism differently?

Personal Questions about Colorism:

  1. Who can I talk to about colorism?
  2. Who can you talk to about colorism?
  3. What are/were some of my experiences with colorism?
  4. What are/were some of your experiences with colorism?
  5. Why do I/you/we have negative attitudes about dark skinned people?
  6. Why do I/you/we have negative attitudes about light skinned people?
  7. Why do I/you/we have positive attitudes about dark skinned people?
  8. Why do I/you/we have positive attitudes about light skinned people?
  9. How does colorism affect me?
  10. How does colorism affect you?
  11. How do I feel about my own skin color?
  12. How do you feel about your own skin color?
  13. How can you heal from colorism?
  14. How can I heal from colorism?
quesitions about collective healing from colorism part 2 by sarah webb

Go here to learn more on personal healing from colorism.

Questions about Healing & Solutions to Colorism:

  1. Who’s responsible for colorism healing?
  2. Who’s responsible for breaking the cycle of colorism?
  3. What does it take to end colorism?
  4. What are some possible solutions to colorism?
  5. What can I do on a personal level to help end colorism?
  6. What can we do on a communal level to help end colorism?
  7. What work has already been done to help end colorism?
  8. What work is currently being done to help end colorism?
  9. How can we learn to love and appreciate our own skin, hair, and features while also loving or appreciating others?
  10. Have I addressed my own biases and issues with colorism so that I do not perpetuate colorism among others in the world?
  11. Does colorism get easier to deal with as we age?
  12. Will colorism ever end?
  13. What other questions do you have about colorism?

Before beginning your discussions, make sure your group has a clear definition of colorism. And when you’re ready to hire a speaker, get in touch with me!

Ultimate List of Colorism Books for All Ages

books on a table featuring viola davis memoir finding me list of books about colorism

Looking for books about colorism? Check out this list of over 70 books I’ve compiled and arranged by category and author’s last name.

The list includes a variety of books on colorism and issues related to colorism ranging from illustrated children’s books, to fiction novels, to academic and scholarly publications. These books also span a range of cultures and ethnicities.

NOTE: This list is not an endorsement or recommendation of any books, but merely for your information.

If you’re looking for a speaker or facilitator for your next colorism event, learn about Dr. Sarah Webb’s colorism keynotes and workshops.

dr. sarah webb sitting while speaking into a microphone with her hand on her chest wearing a bright multicolored dress with her hair in an afro. there's a purple women of color unite banner behind her.

Browse Colorism Books by Category:

Children & Young Adult Books on Colorism

Sulma Arzu-Brown (2014)
Bad Hair Does Not Exist, or Pelo Malo No Existe
This is a bilingual book aimed at celebrating the beauty of all hair textures.

Candy Dawson Boyd (2004)
Fall Secrets
“The first volume of a new series follows the adventures of four girls at their first year at a performing arts junior high school, during which Jessie, a spirited young African-American girl, explores racial differences and hides a painful secret.”

Ashley Bryan (2003)
Beautiful Black Bird
“Long ago, Blackbird was voted the most beautiful bird in the forest. The other birds, who were colored red, yellow, blue, and green, were so envious that they begged Blackbird to paint their feathers with a touch of black so they could be beautiful too. Although Black-bird warns them that true beauty comes from within, the other birds persist and soon each is given a ring of black around their neck or a dot of black on their wings — markings that detail birds to this very day. Coretta Scott King Award-winner Ashley Bryan’s adaptation of a tale from the Ila-speaking people of Zambia reso-nates both with rhythm and the tale’s universal meanings — appreciating one’s heritage and discovering the beauty within. His cut-paper artwork is a joy.”

Betty K. Bynum (2013)
I’m a Pretty Little Black Girl!
“I’m a Pretty Little Black Girl! introduces adorable Mia, who wakes with her hair just-a-going every which-a-ways! With her abundant energy and joy leading the way, readers follow Mia as she plays with her friends who are all shades, shapes and sizes. There’s tall Kia, Keisha the reader, Charlotte her best friend, Dina Rose-Marie the artist, Imani the dancer, Anna who loves sports, Ruby the singer, and honey-haired Tracy. Mia finds that Pretty is within herself and her friends, and being pretty is way beyond what the mirror shows.”

Kimberly Christina and India Sheana (2015)
Brown is Beautiful (Rise Little Kemet Book 1)
“Brown is Beautiful is the first book in the Rise Little Kemet series. This book explores the different shades of brown typically found in ethnic families. Colorism is a topic that many ethnic children experience and understand as early as three years old! Oftentimes the experience goes without being addressed leaving children subject to re-define themselves through European standards of beauty and ultimately lowered self-esteem. Brown is Beautiful celebrates the different shades of melanoid people and helps families open up a healthy discussion of Colorism between parent and child.”

Jessica Crutcher (2016)
I Love Me and the Skin I’m In
“Follow Jessica on her journey to understanding what it means to love yourself despite how others may view you. See how Jessica handles the challenges of bullying, and learns to love the skin she is in.”

Sharon G. Flake (2007)
The Skin I’m In
“Maleeka suffers every day from the taunts of the other kids in her class. If they’re not getting at her about her homemade clothes or her good grades, it’s about her dark, black skin. When a new teacher, whose face is blotched with a startling white patch, starts at their school, Maleeka can see there is bound to be trouble for her too. But the new teacher’s attitude surprises Maleeka. Miss Saunders loves the skin she’s in. Can Maleeka learn to do the same?”

Kiara Lee (2010)
Light-Skinned, Dark-Skinned or In-Between?
“The book focuses on Nefertiti, a young, dark-skinned girl that faces mistreatment because of her dark skin and African features. Amidst this mistreatment, Nefertiti idolizes the extra special treatment given to the new girl in town, Tiara, who is light-skinned. This mistreatment is solely based on skin color. Learn more about colorism-a form of discrimination usually within an ethnic group where a person’s value is measured by the shade of his or her skin, and explore a story many women have witnessed or even lived through themselves. The book also explores self-esteem, self-love and unity.”

Twala Meju and Daniel Flores (2015)
Mommy, Why is My Skin So Dark?
“3 year old Amani was always curious as to why the tone of her skin was so different from her brother and mother. No longer did she plan to wonder. Instead she asked, “Mommy, Why Is My Skin So Dark?” Mommy, Why Is My Skin So Dark is a sincere approach to etching beauty, uniqueness and pride into our various characteristics and cultures. Twala Meju transformed a conversation that hatched between mother and daughter into an opportunity to encourage and empower little girls of all colors and hues.”

Virginia Hamilton (1990)
Cousins
“Cammy has a happy life and a great family, except for one little problem: a cousin who thinks she’s better than everyone else. It’s true that Patty Ann is beautiful, talented, and bright, but to Cammy she’s also vain, conceited, and mean-spirited. Sometimes Cammy wishes that Patty Ann would disappear, just vanish in a puff of smoke. But when the unthinkable happens and Patty Ann is lost forever, Cammy struggles to atone for her bad feelings toward someone so close.”

bell hooks (2001)
Happy to be Nappy
“The groundbreaking picture book by legendary author bell hooks and multi-Caldecott Medalist Chris Raschka that celebrates hair, perfect for fans of Hair Love and I Love My Hair!

bell hooks (2004)
Skin Again
“The skin I’m in is just a covering. It cannot tell my story. The skin I’m in is just a covering. If you want to know who i am You have got to come inside And open your heart way wide. Celebrating all that makes us unique and different, Skin Again offers new ways to talk about race and identity. Race matters, but only so much-what’s most important is who we are on the inside. Looking beyond skin, going straight to the heart, we find in each other the treasures stored down deep. Learning to cherish those treasures, to be all we imagine ourselves to be, makes us free. Skin Again celebrates this freedom.”

Karen Katz (2002)
The Colors of Us
“A positive and affirming look at skin color, from an artist’s perspective. Seven-year-old Lena is going to paint a picture of herself. She wants to use brown paint for her skin. But when she and her mother take a walk through the neighborhood, Lena learns that brown comes in many different shades. Through the eyes of a little girl who begins to see her familiar world in a new way, this book celebrates the differences and similarities that connect all people.”

Ana Maria Machado (1996)
Nina Bonita
“This beautiful and charming story deals with a sensitive subject in a sensitive way. ‘Black is beautiful’ to a little white rabbit and while trying to discover the secret that will make him black, readers get a funny, yet educational introduction to genetics”

Robin Moore-Chambers (2011)
Dark Skin, Light Skin, Straight or Nappy… It’s All Good
“Dark Skin, Light Skin, Straight or Nappy is an educational coloring book for all children and the adults in their lives. Although this book is about African-American children, it encourages all children to be confident in who they are and what they look like.”

Kirleen Neely (2014)
Straight Talk: A Mother-Daughter Conversation about Self-acceptance and Learning to Love your Hair
“Media images and culture play enormous roles in how we see the world and more importantly how we see ourselves. Straight Talk, uses hair as a vehicle to spur conversation about the common cultural experience of hair-shaming that many African American girls experience. The book uniquely uses actual historical facts as a tool to help the child understand the message behind self-love. The tough topic of slavery and it’s impact on African American hair-esteem is discussed in a sensitive child friendly manner. The book is based on Dr. Neely’s clinical research on dominate standards of beauty and hair-esteem for women of color. The message of self-acceptance transcends race and culture, this book can be appreciated by boys and girls of all races.”

Lupita Nyong’o and Vashti Harrison (2019)
Sulwe
“Sulwe has skin the color of midnight. She is darker than everyone in her family. She is darker than anyone in her school. Sulwe just wants to be beautiful and bright, like her mother and sister. Then a magical journey in the night sky opens her eyes and changes everything. In this stunning debut picture book, actress Lupita Nyong’o creates a whimsical and heartwarming story to inspire children to see their own unique beauty.”

Maria Leonar Olson (2013)
Mommy, Why’s Your Skin so Brown?
“For ages 3-9. Mommy Why’s Your Skin So Brown is a mother’s explanation to her bi-racial children about why her skin color is darker than theirs. It was inspired by frequent questions from strangers who assumed that the author was the nanny to her own lighter-skinned children, causing her children to wonder about the reason for these questions. This book may serve as a consciousness-raising piece for caring communities and to prevent people from letting their curiosity overwhelm their manners.”

Calida Garcia Rawles (2010)
Same Difference
“Same Difference is a charming book for young readers (4-8 year olds) that addresses the sensitive and sometime divisive issues of beauty and identity. It has a lyrical, upbeat air that begs to be read aloud and offers an engaging rhyme pattern for young children. Vivid illustrations capture the spirit and innocence of Lida and Lisa, two first cousins who find themselves at odds with each other over their physical differences. With the help of their wise grandmother, the girls soon realize that their bond is deeper than what they see and our differences are what make us beautiful.”

Crystal Swain-Bates (2013)
Big Hair, Don’t Care
“Lola has really really REALLY big hair, much bigger than the other kids at her school, but that doesn’t stop her from telling anyone who will listen just how much she LOVES her hair! It´s not always easy being a kid. Designed to boost self-esteem and build confidence, this beautifully illustrated picture book is aimed at boys and girls who may need a reminder from time to time that it’s okay to look different from the other kids at their school. Big Hair, Don’t Care is available in English, French, and German.”

Joyce Carol Thomas (2008)
The Blacker the Berry
“Black is dazzling and distinctive, like toasted wheat berry bread; snowberries in the fall; rich, red cranberries; and the bronzed last leaves of summer. In this lyrical and luminous collection, Coretta Scott King honorees Joyce Carol Thomas and Floyd Cooper celebrate these many shades of black beautifully.”

Amanda Grihm and J. Emil Grihm (2015)
The Dark Skinned Sister
“At the early age of 10, Mindy was flung into a dark abyss of lies that made the world believe it was okay to create barriers against, and inflict pain upon, dark skinned people. Mindy learned that no one was more cruel and biased against her dark skin than other dark skinned people, including some members of her family. Being treated as though she did not matter while thoughtless, hurtful statements about dark skin were made by ignorant and bigoted people kept Mindy in constant fights for respect. Her opponents came from everywhere and Mindy was forced to battle colorism and racism her entire life…. until one day she looked in the mirror and saw the beautiful eyes of an undefeated, unwavering, self-assured Mindy staring back at her.”

Chaundra Scott
Beautiful Shades
“A story of a mother, teaching her daughter to love her skin tone. Allow your little one to find the beauty in all shades of color.”

Natasha Anastasia Tarpley (2001)
I Love My Hair!
“This whimsical, evocative story about a girl named Keyana encourages African-American children to feel good about their special hair and be proud of their heritage. A BlackBoard Children’s Book of the Year.”

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stack of colorful books with spines showing. the blacker the berry candy dawson boyd flake the skin I'm in maud martha gwendolyn brooks god help the child toni morrison. ultimate list of books on colorism.

Memoir, Poetry, Fiction Novels About Colorism

Shweta Aggarwal (2022)
The Black Rose
“Although I have mostly had a wonderful, blessed life, growing up between India and Japan, and now living in the UK, there are elements of my past that are painful, to say the least. Painful because I happened to be dark-skinned, born to fair parents. And this was seen by some Indians as an open invitation for taunting and derogatory comments. For hundreds of years, Indians have harboured the notion that being fair-skinned is a ticket to superiority. That’s right – white supremacy doesn’t just exist among white people. Sadly, this is still the case even in modern, ‘liberated’ India. For years I have tried to forget my painful past, like childbirth. But the remarks, even now, are relentless, leaving me festering like a sore. Writing about my past is an attempt to face this colour prejudice head-on.”

Gwendolyn Brooks (1992)
Maud Martha
“September 2003 marked the 50th anniversary of Maud Martha, the only novel published by esteemed poet Gwendolyn Brooks. Initially entitled ‘American Family Brown’ the work would eventually come to symbolize some of Brooks’ most provocative writing. In a novel that captures the essence of Black life, Brooks recognizes the beauty and strength that lies within each of us.”

Sheridan Davis (2014)
Pretty for a Dark Skin Girl
“Pretty for a Dark Skin Girl navigates its readers through this journey of how author, Sheridan S. Davis, conquered low self-esteem and is now at a place of confidence in God. She also reveals many life lessons and nuggets she’s gathered along this journey, and passes them on to each reader. Pretty for a Dark Skin Girl is a story of trials, triumphs, and it’s a testament of the power of God.”

Viola Davis (2022)
Finding Me
“In my book, you will meet a little girl named Viola who ran from her past until she made a life-changing decision to stop running forever. This is my story, from a crumbling apartment in Central Falls, Rhode Island, to the stage in New York City, and beyond. This is the path I took to finding my purpose but also my voice in a world that didn’t always see me. Finding Me is a deep reflection, a promise, and a love letter of sorts to self. My hope is that my story will inspire you to light up your own life with creative expression and rediscover who you were before the world put a label on you.”

Marita Golden (2005)
Don’t Play in the Sun: One Woman’s Journey Through the Color Complex
“‘Don’t play in the sun. You’re going to have to get a light-skinned husband for the sake of your children as it is.’ In these words from her mother, novelist and memoirist Marita Golden learned as a girl that she was the wrong color. Her mother had absorbed “colorism” without thinking about it. But, as Golden shows in this provocative book, biases based on skin color persist–and so do their long-lasting repercussions… From Halle Berry to Michael Jackson, from Nigeria to Cuba, from what she sees in the mirror to what she notices about the Grammys, Golden exposes the many facets of “colorism” and their effect on American culture. Part memoir, part cultural history, and part analysis, Don’t Play in the Sun also dramatizes one accomplished black woman’s inner journey from self-loathing to self-acceptance and pride.”

Piper Huguley (2015)
A Most Precious Pearl
“This historical romance novel chronicles the adventures of Asa Caldwell, a wounded war veteran, and Mags Bledsoe, recently demoted from manager at a textile mill in Georgia and replaced by Asa. Mags’s recent demotion threatens to foil her plans for revenge against the mill owner who lynched her childhood sweetheart. As they clash against each other, Asa and Mags lead each other to renewed passion.”

Nellla Larson (1929)
Passing
“Passing confronts the reality of racial passing. The novel focuses on two childhood friends Clare and Irene, both of whom are light-skinned enough to pass as white, who have reconnected with one another after many years apart. Clare has chosen to pass while Irene has embraced her racial heritage and become an important member of her community. The novel examines how people pass on many different levels and in many different ways. Some forms of passing are perfectly acceptable while others can lead to disaster.”

Toni Morrison (1970)
The Bluest Eye
“Pecola Breedlove, a young black girl, prays every day for beauty. Mocked by other children for the dark skin, curly hair, and brown eyes that set her apart, she yearns for normalcy, for the blond hair and blue eyes that she believes will allow her to finally fit in.Yet as her dream grows more fervent, her life slowly starts to disintegrate in the face of adversity and strife. A powerful examination of our obsession with beauty and conformity, Toni Morrison’s virtuosic first novel asks powerful questions about race, class, and gender with the subtlety and grace that have always characterized her writing.”

Toni Morrison (2015)
God Help the Child
“God Help the Child—the first novel by Toni Morrison to be set in our current moment—weaves a tale about the way the sufferings of childhood can shape, and misshape, the life of the adult. At the center: a young woman who calls herself Bride, whose stunning blue-black skin is only one element of her beauty, her boldness and confidence, her success in life, but which caused her light-skinned mother to deny her even the simplest forms of love. There is Booker, the man Bride loves, and loses to anger. Rain, the mysterious white child with whom she crosses paths. And finally, Bride’s mother herself, Sweetness, who takes a lifetime to come to understand that ‘what you do to children matters. And they might never forget.”

Delores Phillips (2004)
The Darkest Child
“Rozelle Quinn is so fair-skinned that she can pass for white. Her ten children are mostly light, too. They constitute the only world she rules and controls. Her power over them is all she has in an otherwise cruel and uncaring universe. Rozelle favors her light-skinned kids, but Tangy Mae, 13, her darkest-complected child, is the brightest. She desperately wants to continue with her education. Her mother, however, has other plans. Rozelle wants her daughter to work cleaning houses for whites, like she does, and accompany her to the ‘Farmhouse,’ where Rozelle earns extra money bedding men. Tangy Mae, she’s decided, is of age. This is the story from an era when life’s possibilities for an African-American were unimaginably different.”

Tracy Price-Thompson, TaRessa Stovall, Elizabeth Atkins, and Desiree Cooper (2008)
Other People’s Skin: Four Novellas
“In Other People’s Skin, authors take on one of the most controversial topics within the African-American community: the self-hatred caused by intra-racial prejudice and the ongoing obsession with skin tone and hair texture.

April Sinclair (1994)
Coffee Will Make You Black
“Jean “Stevie” Stevenson lives in Chicago’s South Side, a neighborhood that acutely feels the social changes of the 1960s. Curious and witty, bold but naïve, Stevie ponders questions such as what makes good hair, and which skin shade is better in light of “Black Is Beautiful.” Amid the War on Poverty, the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., race riots, and the Black Power movement, Stevie grows into a socially aware young adult with a burgeoning sexuality and pride in her identity. Learning as much from her mother’s strictness, her father’s steady encouragement, and her grandmother’s strength as she does from her wild friend Carla and her white teacher Nurse Horne, Stevie makes the sometimes harrowing, often hilarious, always enthralling journey into adulthood.”

Lalita Tademy (2001)
Cane River
“Lalita Tademy was a successful corporate vice president at a Fortune 500 company when she decided to embark upon what would become an obsessive odyssey to uncover her familys past. Through exhaustive research, interviews, and the help of professional genealogists, she would find herself transported back to the early 1800s, to an isolated, close-knit rural community on Louisianas Cane River. Here, Tademy takes historical fact and mingles it with fiction to weave a vivid and dramatic account of what life was like for the four remarkable women who came before her. Beginning with Tademys great-great-great-great grandmother Elisabeth, this is a family saga that sweeps from the early days of slavery through the Civil War into a pre-Civil Rights Southa unique and moving slice of Americas past that will resonate with readers for generations to come.”

Thurman, Wallace (1929)
The Blacker the Berry
“This novel, associated with the Harlem Renaissance, is considered groundbreaking for its exploration of colorism and racial discrimination within the black community, where lighter skin was often favored, especially for women. The novel tells the story of Emma Lou Morgan, a young black woman with dark skin. It begins in Boise, Idaho and follows Emma Lou in her journey to college at USC and a move to Harlem, New York City for work. Set during the Harlem Renaissance, the novel explores Emma Lou’s experiences with colorism, discrimination by lighter-skinned African Americans due to her dark skin. She learns to come to terms with her skin color in order to find satisfaction in her life.”

Alice Walker (1983)
In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens
“Alice Walker speaks out as a black woman, writer, mother, and feminist in thirty-six pieces ranging from the personal to the political. Among the contents are essays about other writers, accounts of the civil rights movement of the 1960s and the antinuclear movement of the 1980s, and a vivid memoir of a scarring childhood injury and her daughter’s healing words.”

Sarah Webb, Diana Vazquez, Naila Buckner, Shainah Andrews, Jaana Randle (2016 – 2022)
Colorism Healing Writing Contests (6 book series)
“The Colorism Healing anthologies are a great resource for answering these questions and more! Whether you use these books for your own personal discovery or share them with others as a way to spark conversation, anyone who reads these collections will find inspiration and insight for addressing colorism.” Download the PDF collection.

Mary E. Weems (2014)
Blackeyed: Plays and Monologues (Social Fictions)
“Blackeyed is a collection of plays and monologues. The topics covered in the book include housing and foreclosure, suicide, assault, mental health, the Black male experience, and more. The book intersects with critical race theory because the majority of this work positions race at the center of the experiences of the fictional or fictionalized characters. Embedded in these chapters are the interweaving of personal and ancestral stories, news reports, informal conversations, observations, interviews, and online research expressed in language unapologetically Black, critical, reflexive, and proud.”

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dark skinned black woman reading a bright yellow book. list of academic and scholarly colorism books for reasearch

Academic Non-Fiction Books About Colorism

Michael Vannoy Adams (1996)
The Multicultural Imagination: Race, Color, and the Unconscious
The Multicultural Imagination is a challenging inquiry into the complex interrelationship between our ideas about race and color and the unconscious. Michael Vannoy Adams takes a fresh look at the contributions of psychoanalysis to a question which affects every individual who tries to establish an effective personal identity in the context of their received ‘racial’ identity.”

Nawshaba Ahmed (2012)
Film and Fabrication: How Hollywood Determines how we SEE Colorism: A Cultural Reading
“If how we are treated is determined by how we are SEEN then the question in order is what filters the eye? … Hollywood Films are now the major factor of how cultural identities are re/set. This paper shows that the representation of Asians in mainstream Hollywood is still a sensitive terrain of cultural collide as the Hollywood films continue to work as a mechanism to reinforce Colorism. But how do films fabricate who’s who? Why do audiences give in? How is body politics integrated? What are the latest avenues of Asian/ body at odd stereotypes? When wrapped with ‘popular’ stuffs and technological might, is there any resistance possible? Find out.”

Winifred G. Barbee (2006)
Coming Aware of Our Multiraciality: The Politics of Skin Color
“This book details the history of Colorism, and the universal origins of racism…. The book places a different approach to race by showing how race impacts our lives through skin color gradation. Racism has many colors, and skin is the main determinant for Black and White issues…. Most health care workers accept that race may play a role in the client’s behavior, but do not know, understand, or ignore the relevance of color gradation…. On becoming aware of our Multiraciality, through color gradation, is helpful to all professionals including Police Officers. The book is analytical, but also offers solutions.”

Stephanie Rose Bird (2009)
Light, Bright, and Damned Near White: Biracial and Triracial Culture in America
“Anthropologist Stephanie Bird takes us into a world where people are struggling to be heard, recognized, and celebrated for the racial diversity one would think is the epitome of America’s melting pot persona. But being biracial or tri-racial brings unique challenges – challenges including prejudice, racism and, from within racial groups, colorism…. Bird shows us the history of biracial and tri-racial people in the United States, and in European families and events. She presents the personal traumas and victories of those who struggle for recognition and acceptance in light of their racial backgrounds…. This work includes a guide to tracing your own racial roots.”

Tom Burrell (2010)
Brainwashed: Challenging the Myth of Black Inferiority
“In this powerful examination of “the greatest propaganda campaign of all time”—the masterful marketing of black inferiority, aka the BI Complex—Burrell poses ten disturbing questions that will make black people look in the mirror and ask why, nearly 150 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, so many blacks still think and act like slaves. Burrell’s acute awareness of the power of words and images to shift, shape, and change the collective consciousness has led him to connect the contemporary and historical dots that have brought us to this crossroads. Brainwashed is not a reprimand—it is a call to action. It demands that we question our self-defeating attitudes and behaviors. Racism is not the issue; how we respond to media distortions and programmed self-hatred is the issue. It’s time to reverse the BI campaign with a globally based initiative that harnesses the power of new media and the wisdom of intergenerational coalitions. Provocative and powerful, Brainwashed dares to expose the wounds so that we, at last, can heal.”

Margo Natalie Crawford (2008)
Dilution Anxiety and the Black Phallus
“After the “Black is Beautiful” movement of the 1960s, black body politics have been overdetermined by both the familiar fetishism of light skin as well as the counter-fetishism of dark skin. Moving beyond the longstanding focus on the tragic mulatta and making room for the study of the fetishism of both light-skinned and dark-skinned blackness, Margo Natalie Crawford analyzes depictions of colorism in the work of Gertrude Stein, Wallace Thurman, William Faulkner, Black Arts poets, James Baldwin, Toni Morrison, and John Edgar Wideman. In Dilution Anxiety and the Black Phallus, Crawford adds images of skin color dilution as a type of castration to the field of race and psychoanalysis. An undercurrent of light-skinned blackness as a type of castration emerges within an ongoing story about the feminizing of light skin and the masculinizing of dark skin. Crawford confronts the web of beautified and eroticized brands and scars, created by colorism, crisscrossing race, gender, and sexuality. The depiction of the horror of these aestheticized brands and scars begins in the white-authored and black-authored modernist literature examined in the first chapters. A call for the end of the ongoing branding emerges with sheer force in the post–Black movement novels examined in the final chapters.”

Deborah Gabriel (2007)
Layers of Blackness: Colourism in the African Diaspora
“This is the first book by an author in the UK to take an in-depth look at colourism – the process of discrimination based on skin tone among members of the same ethnic group, whereby lighter skin is more valued than darker complexions. The African Diaspora in Britain is examined as part of a global black community with shared experiences of slavery, colonization and neo-colonialism. The author traces the evolution of colourism within African descendant communities in the USA, Jamaica, Latin America and the UK from a historical and political perspective and examines its present impact on the global African Diaspora.”

Evelyn Glenn (2009)
Shades of Difference: Why Skin Color Matters
Shades of Difference addresses the widespread but little studied phenomenon of colorism—the preference for lighter skin and the ranking of individual worth according to skin tone. Examining the social and cultural significance of skin color in a broad range of societies and historical periods, this insightful collection looks at how skin color affects people’s opportunities in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and North America. Is skin color bias distinct from racial bias? How does skin color preference relate to gender, given the association of lightness with desirability and beauty in women? The authors of this volume explore these and other questions as they take a closer look at the role Western-dominated culture and media have played in disseminating the ideal of light skin globally.”

Ronald E. Hall (2012)
The Melanin Millennium: Skin Color as 21st Century International Discourse
“This volume addresses the issue of skin color in a worldwide context. A virtual visit to countries that have witnessed a huge rise in the use of skin whitening products and facial feature surgeries aiming for a more Caucasian-like appearance are taken into account. The book also addresses the question of whether using the law has helped to redress injustices of skin color discrimination, or only further promoted recognition of its divisiveness among people of color and Whites.”

Tanya Katerí Hernández (2023)
Racial Innocence: Unmasking Latino Anti-Black Bias and the Struggle for Equality
Racial Innocence will challenge what you thought about racism and bias and demonstrate that it’s possible for a historically marginalized group to experience discrimination and also be discriminatory. Racism is deeply complex, and law professor and comparative race relations expert Tanya Katerí Hernández exposes ‘the Latino racial innocence cloak’ that often veils Latino complicity in racism. As Latinos are the second-largest ethnic group in the US, this revelation is critical to dismantling systemic racism.”

Cedric Herring, Verna M. Keith, Hayward Derrick Horton (2003)
Skin Deep: How Race and Complexion Matter in the “Color-Blind” Era
“Why do Latinos with light skin complexions earn more than those with darker complexions? Why do African American women with darker complexions take longer to get married than their lighter counterparts? … Skin Deep provides answers to these intriguing questions. It shows that although most white Americans maintain that they do not judge others on the basis of skin color, skin tone remains a determining factor in educational attainment, occupational status, income, and other quality of life indicators. Shattering the myth of the color-blind society, Skin Deep is a revealing examination of the ways skin tone inequality operates in America. The essays in this collection-by some of the nation’s leading thinkers on race and colorism-examine these phenomena, asking whether skin tone differentiation is imposed upon communities of color from the outside or is an internally-driven process aided and abetted by community members themselves. The essays also question whether the stratification process is the same for African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans. Skin Deep addresses such issues as the relationship between skin tone and self-esteem, marital patterns, interracial relationships, socioeconomic attainment, and family racial identity and composition.”

Allyson Hobbs (2014)
A Chosen Exile: A History of Racial Passing in American Life
“Countless African Americans have passed as white, leaving behind families and friends, roots and communities. It was, as Allyson Hobbs writes, a chosen exile. This history of passing explores the possibilities, challenges, and losses that racial indeterminacy presented to men and women living in a country obsessed with racial distinctions.”

Margaret L. Hunter (2005)
Race, Gender, and the Politics of Skin Tone
“Race, Gender, and the Politics of Skin Tone tackles the hidden yet painful issue of colorism in the African American and Mexican American communities. Beginning with a historical discussion of slavery and colonization in the Americas, the book quickly moves forward to a contemporary analysis of how skin tone continues to plague people of color today. This is the first book to explore this well-known, yet rarely discussed phenomenon.”

Nina G. Jablonski (2012)
Living Color: The Biological and Social Meaning of Skin Color
“Living Color is the first book to investigate the social history of skin color from prehistory to the present, showing how our body’s most visible trait influences our social interactions in profound and complex ways. In a fascinating and wide-ranging discussion, Nina G. Jablonski begins with the biology and evolution of skin pigmentation, explaining how skin color changed as humans moved around the globe. She explores the relationship between melanin pigment and sunlight, and examines the consequences of rapid migrations, vacations, and other lifestyle choices that can create mismatches between our skin color and our environment. Richly illustrated, this book explains why skin color has come to be a biological trait with great social meaning— a product of evolution perceived by culture. It considers how we form impressions of others, how we create and use stereotypes, how negative stereotypes about dark skin developed and have played out through history—including being a basis for the transatlantic slave trade. Offering examples of how attitudes about skin color differ in the U.S., Brazil, India, and South Africa, Jablonski suggests that a knowledge of the evolution and social importance of skin color can help eliminate color-based discrimination and racism.”

Michelle Gordon Jackson (2014)
Light, Bright and Damn Near White: Black Leaders Created by the One Drop Rule

Meeta Rani Jha (2015)
The Global Beauty Industry: Colorism, Racism, and the National Body (Framing 21st Century Social Issues)
“The Global Beauty Industry is an interdisciplinary text that uses beauty to explore topics of gender, race, class, colorism, nation, bodies, multiculturalism, transnationalism, and intersectionality. Integrating materials from a wide range of cultural and geo-political contexts, it coalesces with initiatives to produce more internationally relevant curricula in fields such as sociology, as well as cultural, women’s/gender, media, and globalization studies.”

Audrey Elisa Kerr (2006)
The Paper Bag Principle: Class, Colorism, and Rumor in the Case of Black Washington, D.C.
“The only attempt to document rumor and legends relating to complexion in black communities, The Paper Bag Principle looks at the divide that has existed between the black elite and the black ‘folk.’ Audrey Kerr examines how these folk beliefs—exemplified by the infamous “paper bag tests”—inform color discrimination intraracially. Kerr argues that proximity to whiteness (in hue) and wealth have helped create two black Washingtons and that the black community, at various times in history, replicated “Jim Crowism” internally to create some standard of exceptionalism in education and social organization…. The Paper Bag Principle focuses on three objectives: to record lore related to the “paper bag principle” (the set of attitudes that granted blacks with light skin higher status in black communities); to investigate the impact that this “principle” has had on the development of black community consciousness; and to link this material to power that results from proximity to whiteness.”

Sybil Kein (2000)
Creole: The History and Legacy of Louisiana’s Free People of Color
“Creole is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary history of Louisiana’s Creole population. Written by scholars, many of Creole descent, the volume wrangles with the stuff of legend and conjecture while fostering an appreciation for the Creole contribution to the American mosaic. A study that necessarily embraces issues of gender, race and color, class, and nationalism, it speaks to the tensions of an increasingly ethnically mixed mainstream America.”

Nikki Khanna (2020)
Whiter: Asian American Women on Skin Color and Colorism
“How does skin color impact the lives of Asian American women? In Whiter, thirty Asian American women provide first-hand accounts of their experiences with colorism in this collection of powerful, accessible, and brutally honest essays.”

Lori Latrice Martin, Hayward Derrick Horton, Cedric Herring, Verna M. Keith, Melvin Thomas (2017)
Color Struck: How Race and Complexion Matter in the “Color-Blind” Era
“Skin color and skin tone has historically played a significant role in determining the life chances of African Americans and other people of color. It has also been important to our understanding of race and the processes of racialization. But what does the relationship between skin tone and stratification outcomes mean? Is skin tone correlated with stratification outcomes because people with darker complexions experience more discrimination than those of the same race with lighter complexions? Is skin tone differentiation a process that operates external to communities of color and is then imposed on people of color? Or, is skin tone discrimination an internally driven process that is actively aided and abetted by members of communities of color themselves? Color Struck provides answers to these questions. In addition, it addresses issues such as the relationship between skin tone and wealth inequality, anti-black sentiment and whiteness, Twitter culture, marriage outcomes and attitudes, gender, racial identity, civic engagement and politics at predominately White Institutions.”

Carla Monroe (2015)
Race and Colorism in Education
“Although colorism is a well-known concept in the social science community, few scholars have investigated its role and implications in the field of education. This volume presents the connections between race and colorism in P-16 schooling by questioning how variations in skin tone, as well as related features such as hair texture and eye color, complicate the educational experiences of students. It traces the historical foundations of colorism in the United States while outlining its contemporary relevance in U.S. education…. this volume explores colorism from an international standpoint by focusing on immigrants and refugee populations.”

Kimberly Jade Norwood (2013)
Color Matters: Skin Tone Bias and the Myth of a Postracial America
“In the United States, as in many parts of the world, people are discriminated against based on the color of their skin. This type of skin tone bias, or colorism, is both related to and distinct from discrimination on the basis of race, with which it is often conflated. Preferential treatment of lighter skin tones over darker occurs within racial and ethnic groups as well as between them. While America has made progress in issues of race over the past decades, discrimination on the basis of color continues to be a constant and often unremarked part of life. In Color Matters, Kimberly Jade Norwood has collected the most up-to-date research on this insidious form of discrimination, including perspectives from the disciplines of history, law, sociology, and psychology. Anchored with historical chapters that show how the influence and legacy of slavery have shaped the treatment of skin color in American society, the contributors to this volume bring to light the ways in which colorism affects us all–influencing what we wear, who we see on television, and even which child we might pick to adopt. Sure to be an eye-opening collection for anyone curious about how race and color continue to affect society, Color Matters provides students of race in America with a wide-ranging overview of a crucial topic.”

Wibke Reger (2009)
The Black Body of Literature: Colorism in American Fiction

Joanne German Rondilla and Paul Spickard (2007)
Is Lighter Better?: Skin-Tone Discrimination among Asian Americans
“Colorism is defined as ‘discriminatory treatment of individuals falling within the same ‘racial’ group on the basis of skin color.” In other words, some people, particularly women, are treated better or worse on account of the color of their skin relative to other people who share their same racial category. Colorism affects Asian Americans from many different backgrounds and who live in different parts of the United States. Is Lighter Better? discusses this often-overlooked topic. Joanne L. Rondilla and Paul Spickard ask important questions such as: What are the colorism issues that operate in Asian American communities? Are they the same issues for all Asian Americans—for women and for men, for immigrants and the American born, for Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, Vietnamese, and other Asian Americans? Do they reflect a desire to look like White people, or is some other motive at work? Including numerous stories about and by people who have faced discrimination in their own lives, this book is an invaluable resource for people interested in colorism among Asian Americans.”

Kathy Russell, Midge Wilson, Ronald Hall (2013)
The Color Complex (Revised): The Politics of Skin Color in a New Millennium
“An examination of how differences in color and features among African Americans have played and continue to play a role in their professional lives, friendships, romances, and families.”

Regina Spellers and Kimberly Moffitt (2010)
Blackberries and Redbones: Critical Articulations of Black Hair/Body Politics in Africana Communities
“This text features engaging scholarly essays, poems, and creative writings that all examine the meaning of the Black anatomy in our changing global world. The body, including its hair, is said to be read like a text where readers draw certain interpretations based on signs, symbols, and culture. Each chapter in the volume interrogates that notion by addressing the question, as a text how are Black bodies and Black hair read and understood in life, art, popular culture, mass media, or cross-cultural interactions. The aptness of this work lies in its ability to provide a meaningful and creative space to analyze body politics- highlighting the complexities surrounding these issues within, between, and outside Africana communities.”

Barbara Nevins Taylor, Jeanine Downie, and Fran Cook- Bolden (2004)
Beautiful Skin of Color: A Comprehensive Guide to Asian, Olive, and Dark Skin
“It’s a fact of DNA: If you can trace your roots back to Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, India, Latin America, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, the South Pacific, or any group of Native Americans, your genes react similarly to genes in the darkest skin. And chances are, you may have received confusing advice — or no advice at all — about how to care for your skin. Although nearly half the population of the United States shares the hallmarks of skin of color, many dermatologists and beauty consultants routinely prescribe remedies created for Caucasian skin without understanding how sensitive and easily damaged skin of color is. It’s no wonder, then, that many women and men of color continually battle skin problems, and it takes a terrible toll on their self-esteem. Finally, Beautiful Skin of Color unlocks the particular secrets of your skin and provides the answers you’ve been searching for. Dr. Fran Cook-Bolden and Dr. Jeanine Downie, internationally recognized dermatologists and women of color, and Barbara Nevins Taylor, an award-winning reporter on skin and hair issues, offer clear, specific advice to help you achieve and maintain a healthy, gorgeous complexion. In a quick-reference, A-to-Z format, using examples drawn from personal and professional experience, Dr. Cook-Bolden and Dr. Downie explain why problems occur, and then prescribe reliable remedies and groundbreaking new procedures specifically created for skin of color. Throughout this comprehensive guide, the doctors show you how to work with your skin and hair — and your dermatologist — to create your own unique skin-management program. A long-overdue and much-needed resource, Beautiful Skin of Color is certain to help you look and feel your best.”

Lori L. Tharps (2016)
Same Family, Different Colors: Confronting Colorism in America’s Diverse Families
“In this unprecedented book, Lori L. Tharps explores the issue in African American, Latino, Asian American, and mixed-race families and communities by weaving together personal stories, history, and analysis. The result is a compelling portrait of the myriad ways skin-color politics affect family dynamics in the United States. Tharps, the mother of three mixed-race children with three distinct skin colors, uses her own family as a starting point to investigate how skin-color difference is dealt with.

JeffriAnne Wilder (2015)
Color Stories: Black Women and Colorism in the 21st Century (Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture)
“This book offers an in-depth sociological exploration of present-day colorism in the lives of black women, investigating the lived experiences of a phenomenon that continues to affect women of African descent.”

Kamilah Marie Woodson (2020)
Colorism: Investigating a Global Phenomenon
“In an age of growing racial tensions, police brutality, and the “Black Lives Matter” movement, “Colorism: Investigating a Global Phenomenon” is a powerful contribution that examines the roots of colorism in modern society, not only in North America but around the world. It provides penetrating insights into the historical, social, cultural, and personal challenges of people of color—including those of either African, Latino, or Indian/Asian ancestry. While colorism has traditionally been defined in terms of prejudice or discrimination relative to skin color, this 400-page reference work argues that colorism differs from racism in that it is multifaceted: it can be observed between different social groups as well as within one’s own ethnic group. As such, the main objective of this volume is to provide a comprehensive reference on the history, scope, trends, and implications of colorism.”

BACK TO THE TOP

A Brief Introduction to Colorism for Children and Young Adults

brief introduction to colorism for children and young adults

I. The Purpose of this Resource

brief introduction to colorism for children and young adultsThe purpose of this Introduction to Colorism is to help parents, educators, mentors, and counselors facilitate discussions about colorism with young people of all ages.

The following is meant to give youth an introductory glimpse of what colorism is, where it comes from, and how it affects people. This is done primarily through literature and discussion/written responses.

Whether or not they’ve ever heard of the term “colorism,” you will find that many people have observed or experienced acts of colorism at some point in their lives, while others have not. These materials are designed with both sets of audiences in mind.

II. What is Colorism?

Colorism is prejudice toward others because of their skin color or features such as hair texture and eye color. It may also be a dislike for your own skin color and features.

Two people may be the same race and still be treated differently because of how dark or light their skin is.

Colorism is something that happens all across the country and all around the world. There are a few different explanations for why it exists, but most historians say it’s the result of racism during colonialism and slavery.

During slavery in the United States, for example, many Native Americans and Blacks were mixed with white ancestry. Although they were not treated as equal to whites, some people believed that being mixed with more European ancestry made them more acceptable than Native Americans and Blacks who were not mixed.

Since those times, colorism has taken many forms, and people of all colors have been perpetrators and targets.

III. Suggested Readings on Colorism with preliminary questions

A. Elementary

1.Same Difference by Calida Rawles (also in video format via YouTube)

a) How do Lisa and Lida treat each other before they see their differences?

b) How does Lisa and Lida’s grandmother help the girls feel good about their differences?

2. Skin Again by bell hooks

a) What can a person’s skin tell you about who they are?

b) What can a person’s skin NOT tell you about who they are?

3.Nina Bonita by Ana Maria Machado

a) How does the bunny feel about Nina’s black skin?

b) What does this story show us about different skin colors in families?

B. Middle

1. The Skin I’m In by Sharon G. Flake

a) How or why does Maleeka develop a dislike for her skin color?

b) What does Miss Saunders teach Maleeka about being comfortable in her own skin?

2.Fall Secrets by Candy Dawson Boyd

a) How does Jessie’s relationship with her sister affect her feelings and actions at school?

b) How does opening up about her secret start to change Jessie’s attitude and feelings about skin color?

C. High

1. Like A Tree Without Roots by Teresa Ann Willis

a) How does history play a role in Jasmine’s attitude about her skin color and features?

b) What steps does Jasmine take on her journey to self-acceptance?

2. “Team Lightskinned” YouTube video via CNN

a) According to the poem, what are some of the burdens and privileges of being light- or dark-skinned?

b) How does this poem demonstrate a need for empathy among people of different colors?

3.Maud Martha by Gwendolyn Brooks

a) How does colorism impact family dynamics in Maud Martha?

b) How does colorism affect romantic relationships in Maud Martha?

D. College

1.The Blacker the Berry by Wallace Thurman

a) How is skin color tied to class and social status in Blacker the Berry?

b) How does Emma Lou perpetuate colorism toward herself and others in the novel?

2.Coffee Will Make You Black by April Sinclair

a) How or why does Stevie learn to appreciate her own skin and hair?

b) What can we learn from this novel about how and why colorism is perpetuated?

IV. Colorism Writing Prompts/Discussion Starters

A. Have you ever heard someone make negative comments about another person’s skin color? If so, what did you hear them say, and how did you feel about it?

B. How is colorism similar to or different from other types of prejudice?

C. Do you think a person’s skin color is really what makes them smart, nice, or beautiful? Why or why not?

V. Next Steps

After you’ve reviewed these materials and have attempted to use them, please give me your feedback. Any ideas, suggestions, or critiques would be quite helpful in the future development of educational resources on colorism.

Colorism vs. Racism: What’s the Difference?

colorism vs. racism what's the difference between colorism and racism

Because many people have not heard of colorism and may be unclear about how it relates to racism, I want to explore the particular definitions and the relationship of colorism vs. racism.

Defining Colorism and Racism

Colorism- prejudiced attitudes and/or discriminatory acts against people based on the color (shade or tone) of their skin

Racism- prejudiced attitudes and/or discriminatory acts against people based on their actual or perceived racial status

I want to highlight the fact that people of different races may have the same skin tone. See the three women below.

And people of the same race may have different skin tones. See the two women below.

In cases of racism, two people of different races but identical skin colors will be treated differently. In the movie Pinky, for example, Pinky is a black woman who looks white. Despite her white skin color, Pinky is still mistreated and discriminated against just like the other blacks in her community.

In cases of colorism, two people of the same race but different skin colors will be treated differently.

This is how each operates on a fundamental level. Of course there are additional factors that may complicate each case, for example, other group identifications that could trump race or color in specific situations such as family, nationality, gender, occupation, or wealth, etc.

The Relationship Between Colorism and Racism

The relationship between colorism and racism has been explored by others before. The consensus is usually that colorism is a product or symptom of racism.

Societies with widespread issues of colorism also have long histories of colonization and influence by european countries. In these societies, european features such as white skin, straight hair, and light colored eyes were overtly promoted as the standard of civilized existence, intelligence, beauty, wealth, and power. In these societies, rights and privileges were also restricted to people of european decent. In places like the United States, one’s european bloodline had to be “pure,” meaning not mixed with any other races, in order to retain the rights and privileges reserved strictly for whites.

In contrast, those of other races were often forced into servitude or slavery, denied citizenship and protection under the law, classified as property along with inanimate objects and animals, labeled subhuman (3/5 human in the U.S.), denied education, barred from public places and certain jobs, and abused in any number of ways.

Colorism among people of the same race is also considered a form of internalized racism. After centuries of being conditioned to view white/european as superior and their own race and culture as inferior, many people were broken and eventually believed in and acted according to that dichotomy.

It’s under those conditions that people of varying races came to view european ancestry and european phenotypes as superior to all else and as a means to a better life. People try to acquire more european features and traits and encourage their children to “improve the race” (mejorando la raza) by marrying people who are as light or lighter and producing offspring with increasingly european phenotypes.

Colorism is a manifestation of the idea that even if one isn’t white, their worth may be determined by how closely they resemble a white person.

The woman at the beginning of the video “Negro: Colorism and Mejorando La Raza” makes the controversial yet not uncommon argument that internalized racism is more harmful and thus a more urgent concern than outside racism. Others are outraged at the idea. They call it a case of blaming the victim and insist that we can’t overcome internalized racism until we defeat external racism.

I think the battles are one in the same. If we internalize racism, we lose our will and our ability to fight the external system of racism. If we don’t value, respect, and love ourselves, why would we put up a fight when others don’t either. If we believe that white people are superior, then we won’t bat an eye at the disparities in education and wealth. However, it’s the external system of racism that teaches and enforces white supremacy, and there’s a strong case for arguing that dismantling that system would curb the level of internalized racism.

So what is the difference between colorism vs. racism? Is one issue more important than the other?

Many disagree, but I say that there is no difference. Internalized racism (colorism) and external racism are so interwoven at this point that we can’t attempt to extract one without addressing the other.

If you’re looking for a speaker or facilitator for your next colorism event, learn about Dr. Sarah Webb’s colorism keynotes and workshops.

dr. sarah webb speaking at a podium holding a microphone with one arm extended during during her keynote speech for women's history month at the university of the pacific 2023. she's wearing a black turtleneck, multicolored skirt, and bold jewelry

Colorism Historical Roots and Routes

historical roots and routes of colorism in white text over faint image of massive roots. history of colorism.

The most common explanation you’ll get from Americans about colorism roots and routes has to do with American slavery. During slavery in the Americas, blacks and whites bore children of mixed ancestry, but according to the law, any trace of black ancestry meant you were black (one drop rule), and children took the status of their mother, which was slave in many cases.

As a result, the spectrum of skin tones among slaves and others who were legally black, grew wider. Slave owners often granted more privileges to the lighter skinned slaves, saw them as smarter and more capable because of their white ancestry, allowed them some form of education or training, and occasionally granted them their freedom.

Even after slavery ended, similar advantages were given to blacks whose appearance was closer to white, such as first consideration for certain schools and jobs.

The preferential treatment served to create division among blacks. Simultaneously there was resentment for this preferential treatment and the desire to acquire and take advantage of it.

Some might think that explaining the origins of colorism in the Americas is as simple as pointing to slavery. But it’s deeper than that. Colorism is the result of white supremacist ideology, which is ancient compared to slavery in the Americas.

Social hierarchies based on nationality, religion, class, gender, education, race, and color have existed for millenniums. I want to attempt a less conventional (though not unheard of) approach to colorism roots and routes.

Roots in Biblical & Religious Texts

One story that’s historically been used to justify racism, colorism, and slavery is the so called “curse of Ham.” That’s the story of Noah’s youngest son, Ham, who saw his father naked, then told his brothers. Noah was angry and cursed his son Ham, who the scriptures say is the father of Canaan. Noah’s curse said that Canaan would be the slaves of Ham’s brothers (Gen 9:20-27).

So where would color come in to play for those who use this story as the basis for practicing racism?

It’s a stretch, but here’s the “logic”:

Since Ham is the father of Cush  (Gen 10:6), and Cush is sometimes used synonymously with the regions of Nubia, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan; then Ham and his decedents must be associated with dark skin. If Ham is associated with dark skin, and he’s the one who committed the disgraceful (some say sinful) act against his father, then dark skin must also be associated with disgrace and sin. Even though it was Canaan, not Cush, that Noah said would be enslaved, slavery was still somehow associated with black skin.

Then there’s a later reference in the bible to skin color that further connects Cush to skin color: “Can the Ethiopian  (Hebrew Cushite) change his skin or the leopard his spots? Neither can you do good who are accustomed to doing evil” (Jer 13:23).

This interpretation of Ham’s story shows how human pathology causes people to defy logic in order to believe in their own superiority and to justify their oppression of other peoples.

An additional trope from the bible that people point to as one source of how people view skin color is the distinction between darkness being bad or evil, and light or white being good, pure, clean, and holy. (I trust that you can do your own search on this if you’re curious.) While the majority of these references don’t specifically refer to skin color, the distinctions between black/dark and white/light is a symbol in many cultures that has been generally applied to many subjects.

But it’s not just the Judeo-Christian bible that carries such symbolism.

History of Colorism in Indian, Greek, and Roman Texts

In this amazing documentary titled “Shadeism,” by a young woman who’s family is from Sri Lanka, she explains how colorism existed in regions like India even before colonialism . . . long before.

In the ancient Indian scripture of the Ramayana, there’s a scene that depicts a fight between a noble, fair-skinned king from the north, and an evil dark-skinned king from the south. According to an explanation of the Ramayana published through UCLA, this tale may date back as far as 1500 BCE.

A blurb about Benjamin Isaac’s book, The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquitystates:

[Isaac] considers the literature from classical Greece to late antiquity in a quest for the various forms of the discriminatory stereotypes and social hatred that have played such an important role in recent history and continue to do so in modern society.

Isaac’s book is said to disprove the belief that ancient Greeks and Romans only held ethnic/cultural prejudice but not racial prejudice.

Colorism’s Historical Roots and Routes Around the Globe:

History of Colorism: Colonialism & Pigmentocracy

Whether or not colorism was present in cultures before colonialism, there’s little argument against the fact that it became ubiquitous as a result of colonialism.

Pigmentocracy describes a social structure in which status, class, education, occupation, etc is determined by skin color. It’s existed in various forms all over the globe, and  some pigmentocracies throughout history have been more operational and institutionalized than others.  Pigmentocracy involves all races, unlike the common notion of colorism, which is that it functions among the people of one race.

The United States is an example of one of the pigmentocracies that have existed around the globe. While not precisely broken down by exact skin tone, it’s generally true that this country has granted the highest status and opportunity to those of the lightest skin, and denied that status and opportunity to those with the darkest skin, with varying degrees in between.

To trace the routes of Europeans around the globe during colonialism, is to literally trace the roots of colorism. The spread of colorism is a direct result of the spread of white supremacist ideology.

I still wonder what’s the initial source of white supremacy.

In thinking about those ancient texts like the Ramayana and the Bible, I wonder how humans began to equate light with good and dark with bad.

Was it as quotidian as one random person who had a strange thought and then went and shared his ideas with friends and neighbors? Or was it as strategic as some ancient government plotting to brainwash the masses so that they could gain power through some arbitrary characteristic?

Why didn’t the tides of history end up spreading black, brown, yellow, or red supremacy? Not that any of those would be right.

Do we have to rehash every detail about the roots of colorism every time we have a conversation about it?

Maybe we should explain the historical roots to those who claim to have never heard of colorism.

But for the converted, for those of us who generally understand the who, what, why, when, and how of colorism’s roots and routes, can we finally begin to have productive conversations about the present and future?

I guess my biggest question is: Where do we go from here?